A sprocket is a toothed wheel that is used to transmit motion and torque from one shaft to another. Chains that are used to transmit motion and force from one sprocket to another are called power transmission chains. Unlike gears that have to mesh to transmit motion and torque from one gear to another, sprockets may be positioned far apart. Sprockets are connected by a chain. A sprocket with a hole that matches the diameter of the shaft is chosen and slid onto the shaft. The sprocket is then rotated until the keyways in the sprocket and shaft line up. A rectangular piece of steel bar called a key is slid into the keyways to prevent the sprocket from spinning on the shaft.
Chain and sprocket mechanisms perform the same task as a belt and pulley system, i.e. they transfer motion and force from one shaft to another. A belt can slip on a pulley but the teeth on the sprocket prevent the chain from slipping. A chain and sprocket is used wherever a positive, non-slip drive is required, e.g. bicycles, motorcycles, forklift mechanisms, and the camshaft drives in car petrol engines.
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